Top GK Quiz Answer Description
In 1975, Georges Köhler and César Milstein succeeded in making fusions of myeloma cell lines with B cells to create hybridomas that could produce antibodies, specific to known antigens and that were immortalizedThey shared the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1984 for the discovery. ...
The fragment antigen-binding (Fab) fragment is a region on an antibody that binds to antigens. It is composed of one constant and one variable domain of each of the heavy and the light chain. The variable domain contains the paratope (the antigen-binding site), comprising a set of complementarity determining regions, at the amino terminal end of the monomer. Each arm ...
γδ T cells possess characteristics of both the innate and adaptive immune responses. Macrophages can also activate T cells in a similar approach (but do not do so naturally). This process carried out by both DCs and macrophages is termed antigen presentation and represents a physical link between the innate and adaptive immune responses. ...
apain digestion has proven useful for structural studies of enzymes and other proteins. Papain is used in red cell serology to modify the red cell surface to enhance or destroy the reactivity of many red cell antigens as an adjunct to grouping, antibody screening, or antibody identification procedures. Papain has also been shown to be useful in platelet serology. ...
The immunoglobulin fold consists of a pair of β sheets, each built of antiparallel β strands, that surround a central hydrophobic core. A single disulfide bond bridges the two sheets. Two aspects of this structure are particularly important for its function. First, three loops present at one end of the structure form a potential binding surface. ...
B cells, also known as B lymphocytes, are a type of white blood cell of the lymphocyte subtype.They function in the humoral immunity component of the adaptive immune system by secreting antibodies.Additionally, B cells present antigen (they are also classified as professional antigen-presenting cells (APCs)) and secrete cytokines ...
Humoral immunity, also called antibody-mediated immunity, is the aspect of immunity that is mediated by macromolecules (as opposed to cells) found in extracellular fluids such as secreted antibodies, complement proteins, and certain antimicrobial peptides. Humoral immunity is so named because it involves substances found in the humours, or body fluids. ...
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